The electric conductive properties of semiconductors are quite unique. They share properties of both conductors and insulators, which very few other materials in the world possess at the same time. Many researchers have come up with explanations to this via the study of quantum states for electrons, more specifically the Pauli exclusion principle. It is this shared behavior that makes semiconductors one of the most useful materials in modern human history.
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Due to the quantum states of semiconductors, when the electrons are delocalized, electrical conductivity increases. For semiconductors, electrons are present only part of the time. This is important to note because always having an electron present prevents other electrons from passing through the material. This is what comprises the electronic band structure.
Although semiconductors are not as conductive as metals with electricity, they don’t heat up as quickly and can conduct electricity for longer amounts of time.
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The usefulness of semiconductors can be seen in each and every electronic object in the home today. If opened, people can see circuit boards filled with semiconductors that allow these devices to be powered. No other material in the world does this as efficiently and effectively as the semiconductor.
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